In the concluding sections I discuss this result with a view to the larger question as to how discourse duration enters into the range of factors, including not only duration but also collocation and position in the turn, that hearers in conversation draw on in order to disambiguate the distinct uses of ‘well’. The results mostly confirm the priming hypothesis: syntactic ‘well’ has significantly longer duration than pragmatic ‘well’.
Yep yep yep uh huh software#
Phonetics Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, 2012) of which the durations of more than 300 tokens of ‘well’ were measured in Praat, an acoustic analysis software (Boersma and Weenink in Praat: doing phonetics by computer, , 2012). in Audio BNC: the audio edition of the Spoken British National Corpus. The data examined include a subset of 9-word turns extracted from the Audio BNC (Coleman et al. Routledge, London/New York, 2005), the ‘priming hypothesis’ suggesting that the syntactic and the pragmatic functions of ‘well’ are distinguishable on acoustic grounds, specifically by the duration they have in conversational speaking turns. The aim of the study is to test what I call, following Hoey (Lexical priming. ‘Well’ is a prime example of a highly multi-functional item performing a large number of distinct pragmatic and syntactic functions. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2013 Romero-Trillo in Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 2018).
This paper reports on an acoustic analysis of ‘well’ in conversation, building on recent attempts at examining the vocal realization of the marker (e.g., Aijmer in Understanding pragmatic markers. Finally, we analyse some shortcomings of current approaches to modeling feedback, and identify important directions for future research. The review covers feedback across different modalities (e.g., speech, head gestures, gaze, and facial expression), different forms of feedback (e.g., backchannels, clarification requests), and models for allowing the agent to assess the user's level of understanding and adapt its behavior accordingly. In this review article, we give an overview of past and current research on how intelligent agents should be able to both give meaningful feedback toward humans, as well as understanding feedback given by the users. At the same time, the human interacting with the agent will also seek feedback, in order to ensure that her communicative acts have the intended consequences. Intelligent agents interacting with humans through conversation (such as a robot, embodied conversational agent, or chatbot) need to receive feedback from the human to make sure that its communicative acts have the intended consequences.
0 kommentar(er)
